San Francisco compared with all land on Earth

The area around San Francisco scores 42 of 100 today: lower combined natural hazard than 42% of the land on Earth.

Ten pillars (0–100)

SSP5-8.5 2085 stress test

Under the SSP5-8.5 stress test for 2085, the combined score is 39 of 100.

This cell's combined hazard score is 41.8; its strongest pillar is climate velocity at 84.6 and its weakest is coast at 1.2. Flood. Flood pillar 25.7, safer than 25% of land cells and level with 1%; modelled hundred-year river flood depth 0.053 m. Source: WRI Aqueduct Floods (vintage: WRI Aqueduct Floods v2 (historical baseline, 100-year RP)); ERA5 (vintage: ERA5 reanalysis 1991-2020). Tornado. Wind pillar 60.4, safer than 34% of land cells and level with 52%; tornado touchdowns nearby 1.2 touchdowns/decade. Source: NOAA Storm Prediction Center (vintage: 1950-2024). Hurricane. Wind pillar 60.4, safer than 34% of land cells and level with 52%; tropical storm passes nearby 0 storms/decade. Source: IBTrACS (vintage: v04r01). Earthquake. Earthquake pillar 5.9, safer than 6% of land cells and level with 1%; large earthquakes nearby since the start of the century before last 1.6 events/century. Source: USGS ComCat (vintage: ComCat M≥6.5 1900–2025, M≥5 1973–2025); USGS Slab2 (vintage: Slab2, March 2018). Coast. Coast pillar 1.2, safer than 1% of land cells; five-hundred-year tsunami run-up on the nearest coast 9.4 m. Source: Global Tsunami Model (vintage: 2017, earthquake sources only). Climate velocity. Climate velocity pillar 84.6, safer than 85% of land cells; observed warming rate 0.20 °C/decade. Source: NASA GISTEMP (vintage: 2024). Coverage: No water stress data exists for this cell, so it is left out of the combined score and the remaining pillar weights are renormalized. This is a statistical summary of public hazard data, a research estimate, not advice about any property or decision.

Terra scores ~10 km hexagonal cells from public global datasets — it is area analysis, not a property assessment. Tornado history covers the United States only; flood hazard is modeled at ~1 km and ignores local defenses; hurricane records before 1966 and wildfire records before 2001 are incomplete. Where data is missing or coarse for your area, Terra says so instead of guessing.

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